“建设”=“construction”？

“建设”一词在当代中国的政治、经济、文化等文本中经常使用，翻译成英语应该如何处理？英语初学者会说：“construction正好对应”，但在翻译实践中，我们看到，很多时候都不会直接译为“construct”或“construction”，而是根据具体情况，或省译，或改译，或转换成其他更符合英语表达习惯的词语。

例如：

加强县城基础设施建设

Strengthen infrastructure in county seats

推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设

Urbanization with the focus on county seats was promoted.

深入开展文明村镇建设

We will further cultivate civic virtue in villages and towns.

生态文明建设持续推进

Ecological conservation was enhanced.

例如：

推动质量强国建设

We will continue efforts to build China into a manufacturer of quality.

继续推进地下综合管廊建设

The building of underground utility tunnels will continue.

例如：

加强市场体系基础制度建设

We worked harder to develop the underlying institutions for a market system.

支持北京城市副中心建设

Support development of Beijing municipal administrative center

例如：

加强数字中国建设整体布局

We will strengthen overall planning for the Digital China initiative.

启动乡村建设行动

We will launch rural initiatives

例如：

改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大进展

Major headway has been made in reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization drive.

例如：

加强依法行政和社会建设

We stepped up law-based administration, and promoted social advancement.

例如：

把保证全党服从中央、坚持党中央优质和集中统一领导作为党的政治建设的首要任务。

We will make it our primary task in promoting political progress to ensure that the whole Party defers to the Central Committee and upholds its authority and centralized, unified leadership.